M'zaka zaposachedwa, chiwopsezo chakukula kwa kufunikira kwa nsalu zosawomba padziko lonse lapansi kwakhala kokulirapo kuposa kukula kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi.Padziko lonse lapansikupanga nonwovenmakamaka anaikira mu United States, mlandu 41% ya chiwerengero cha dziko, Western Europe nkhani 30%, Japan 8%, China 3.5% ndi zigawo zina 17.5%.Pakati pa ntchito zomaliza za nonwovens, zinthu zaukhondo (makamaka matewera) zikukula mwachangu, ndipo nsalu zamankhwala, nsalu zamagalimoto, nsapato ndi misika yachikopa yokumba zikuwonetsanso chitukuko chatsopano komanso chofulumira.
Makina opangira matumba osalukaimadyetsedwa ndi chodyetsa kuti itumize ufa (colloid kapena madzi) ku hopper pamwamba pa makina onyamula, liwiro loyambira limayang'aniridwa ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi, mpukutu wa pepala losindikizira (kapena zinthu zina zoyikapo) zimayendetsedwa ndi chowongolera ndikuyambitsa ku kolala yoyamba, yomwe imapindika ndikumangidwa ndi chosindikizira chotalikirapo kuti chikhale silinda, zinthuzo zimayezedwa zokha ndikudzazidwa mu thumba lomwe limapangidwa, ndipo chosindikizira chopingasa chimakoka silinda yachikwama panthawi yomwe chisindikizo cha kutentha chimadulidwa.Zinthuzo zimangoyezedwa ndikudzazidwa m'thumba.
Ntchito zingapo zazikulu zopangira thumba
Kupanga zikwama nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi ntchito zingapo
Ntchito yopanga matumba nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza kudyetsa, kusindikiza, kudula ndi matumba.
Mu gawo lodyetserako, filimu yosinthira yosinthira yomwe imadyetsedwa ndi odzigudubuza imatsegulidwa ndi chodzigudubuza chodyetsa.Zodzigudubuza za chakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha filimu mkati mwa makina kuti agwire ntchito yomwe akufuna.Kudyetsa nthawi zambiri kumakhala ntchito yapakatikati, monga kusindikiza, kudula, ndi zina zomwe zimachitika pochotsa mimba.Zovina zovina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisungidwe mosalekeza pamakanema afilimu.Zodzigudubuza ndi zovina ndizofunikira kuti mukhalebe ndi nkhawa komanso kudyetsa moyenera.
Mu gawo losindikiza, zinthu zosindikizira zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kutentha zimasunthidwa kuti zigwire filimuyo kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zisindikize bwino zinthuzo.Kutentha kosindikiza ndi kutalika kwa nthawi kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu ndipo kumafunika kukhazikika pa liwiro la makina osiyanasiyana.Zida za zinthu zosindikizira ndi makina opangira makina ogwirizana nawo zimadalira mtundu wa chisindikizo chomwe chafotokozedwa mu ndondomeko ya thumba.M'makina ambiri, kusindikiza kumayendera limodzi ndi kudula, ndipo ntchito zonsezi zimachitika kumapeto kwa kudyetsa.
Panthawi yodula ndi kunyamula katundu, ntchito monga kusindikiza nthawi zambiri zimachitika panthawi yomwe makinawo samadyetsa.Mofanana ndi njira yosindikizira, ntchito yodula ndi thumba imatsimikiziranso njira yabwino yamakina.Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zoyambira izi, magwiridwe antchito owonjezera monga ma zipper, matumba okhala ndi perforated, matumba a tote, kusindikiza kosamva kuwonongeka, spouting, kunyamula korona, ndi zina zotere zitha kutengera kapangidwe ka thumba.Zida zomwe zimayikidwa pamakina oyambira zimagwira ntchito zina zotere.